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Semaglutide, a type of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) drug, may help protect kidney function and lower the risk of death for people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD), according to new research.
In a new review of clinical trial data, researchers found that semaglutide lowered the risk of serious kidney complications and death in people with type 2 diabetes across many stages of CKD.
The findings are important because many people living with CKD worry about worsening kidney function, dialysis, or other serious complications. Growing research suggests GLP-1 drugs like semaglutide may help reduce those risks.
Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist. It works by helping the body release insulin, lowering blood sugar levels, slowing digestion, and reducing appetite.
Depending on the brand — including Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus — semaglutide is approved to treat type 2 diabetes, help lower the risk of heart problems in some people with diabetes, and support long-term weight management.
One brand-name version of semaglutide, Ozempic, is currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to lower the risk of serious kidney problems and death from heart-related causes in adults who have chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers believe semaglutide’s kidney benefits may come from several effects working together. The medication can improve blood glucose (sugar) control, lower blood pressure, and reduce inflammation in the body.
Some studies also suggest GLP-1 medications may directly reduce inflammation and scarring in the kidneys.
The FLOW trial included 3,533 adults who had both type 2 diabetes and CKD. Participants received either a weekly injection of semaglutide or a placebo (inactive treatment) in addition to standard kidney care. Researchers followed participants for a median of 3.4 years.
The study looked at a combined measure of serious kidney outcomes, including:
Overall, semaglutide reduced the risk of serious kidney disease events by 24 percent and lowered the risk of death from any cause by 20 percent compared with placebo.
The medication also helped slow the loss of kidney function.
Researchers found the benefits across different CKD stages, including among people with more advanced disease.
On MyKidneyDiseaseTeam, people share their experiences with kidney diseases, get advice, and find support from others who understand.
Have you discussed GLP-1 medications like semaglutide with your doctor? Share your experience in the comments below.
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